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counting and probability intermediate
Problem
Find the smallest positive integer that is both an integer power of 11 and is not a palindrome.
Solution
Because of the symmetric nature of the number 11, it is a divisor of many palindromes. Expanding powers of (where and ) helps us see why the first few powers of 11 are all palindromes: Notice that each term of the form ends up being a power of , and the digits of end up being the binomial coefficients when these coefficients are less than , as there is no carrying. Because of the identity , the number is a palindrome whenever the coefficients are all less than , which is true for powers less than 5. However, from the list above, we see that has coefficients at least 10, and indeed, we have , which is not a palindrome.
Final answer
161051