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45th Mongolian Mathematical Olympiad

Mongolia algebra

Problem

Let , , positive real numbers. Prove that Find the equality condition.
Solution
It's easy to check, when , , equality holds, hence by the Cauchy's inequality we have Here equality holds for if and only if same as . Thus equality holds for , , .
Final answer
Equality holds exactly when a, b, c are in the ratio 1:2:3 (i.e., b = 2a and c = 3a with a > 0).

Techniques

QM-AM-GM-HM / Power Mean