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Final Round

Netherlands number theory

Problem

A positive integer is called divisor primary if for every positive divisor of at least one of the numbers and is prime. For example, is divisor primary, because its positive divisors , , , and each differ by from a prime number (, , , and , respectively), while is not divisor primary, because the divisor does not differ by from a prime number (both and are composite). Determine the largest divisor primary number.
Solution
Suppose is divisor primary. Then cannot have an odd divisor . Indeed, for such a divisor, both and are even. Because , these are both composite numbers and that would contradict the fact that is divisor primary. The odd divisors and can occur, because the integer itself is divisor primary.

Because of the unique factorisation in primes, the integer can now only have some factors and at most one factor . The number and all its multiples are not divisor primary, because both and are not prime. Hence, a divisor primary number has at most five factors . Therefore, the largest possible number that could still be divisor primary is .

We now check that is indeed divisor primary: its divisors are , , , , , , , , , , , and , and these numbers are next to , , , , , , , , , , , and , which are all prime. Therefore, the largest divisor primary number is .
Final answer
96

Techniques

Prime numbersFactorization techniques