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jmc

counting and probability intermediate

Problem

Two distinct integers, and , are randomly chosen from the set . What is the probability that is even?
Solution
We note that is very close to the expansion of . (This is basically a use of Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick.)

If is even, then is odd. This only occurs when and are both odd, so and must be even. There are distinct pairs of even integers, and distinct pairs of integers, so the probability is .
Final answer
\frac{2}{9}