Skip to main content
OlympiadHQ

Browse · MATH

Print

jmc

number theory senior

Problem

Consider a string of 's, into which signs are inserted to produce an arithmetic expression. For example, could be obtained from eight 's in this way. For how many values of is it possible to insert signs so that the resulting expression has value ?
Solution
Suppose we require s, s, and s to sum up to (). Then , or dividing by , . Then the question is asking for the number of values of . Manipulating our equation, we have . Thus the number of potential values of is the number of multiples of from to , or . However, we forgot to consider the condition that . For a solution set , it is possible that (for example, suppose we counted the solution set , but substituting into our original equation we find that , so it is invalid). In particular, this invalidates the values of for which their only expressions in terms of fall into the inequality . For , we can express in terms of and (in other words, we take the greatest possible value of , and then "fill in" the remainder by incrementing ). Then , so these values work. Similarily, for , we can let , and the inequality . However, for , we can no longer apply this approach. So we now have to examine the numbers on an individual basis. For , works. For , we find (using that respectively, for integers ) that their is no way to satisfy the inequality . Thus, the answer is .
Final answer
108