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SAMC

Saudi Arabia geometry

Problem

Points and are considered in the interior of triangle such that and . Prove that

problem
Solution


Let be a point on the ray such that . It is clear that is outside of triangle because . We have , hence Now, we have (since and ), hence We obtained . It follows that quadrilateral is cyclic, and by using Ptolemy's theorem we get From (1) and (2) it follows Replacing these relations in (3) we get hence \frac{AM \cdot AN}{AB \cdot AC} + \frac{BM \cdot BN}{BA \cdot BC} + \frac{CM \cdot CN}{CA \cdot CB} = 1 . --- **Alternative solution.** Using Ceva's theorem in trigonometric form for points $M$ and $N$ we get \frac{\sin \widehat{MAB}}{\sin \widehat{MAC}} \cdot \frac{\sin \widehat{MBC}}{\sin \widehat{MBA}} \cdot \frac{\sin \widehat{MCA}}{\sin \widehat{MCB}} = 1, \frac{\sin \widehat{NAB}}{\sin \widehat{NAC}} \cdot \frac{\sin \widehat{NBC}}{\sin \widehat{NBA}} \cdot \frac{\sin \widehat{NCA}}{\sin \widehat{NCB}} = 1 \frac{\sin \widehat{MCA}}{\sin \widehat{MBC}} \cdot \frac{\sin \widehat{NCA}}{\sin \widehat{NCB}} = 1, \frac{\sin \widehat{MCA}}{\sin \widehat{MCB}} = \frac{\sin \widehat{NCB}}{\sin \widehat{NCA}} . \tag{2} Denote $\widehat{MCB} = \alpha$ and $\widehat{MCA} = \beta$ and get \frac{\sin (C - \alpha)}{\sin \alpha} = \frac{\sin (C - \beta)}{\sin \beta} . \tag{3} \sin C \cdot \cot \alpha - \cos C = \sin C \cdot \cot \beta - \cos C hence $\alpha = \beta$. Using complex coordinates, relation $\widehat{MCB} = \widehat{ACN}$ shows that \arg \frac{m-c}{b-c} = \arg \frac{a-c}{n-c}, hence the number $\frac{m-c}{b-c} : \frac{a-c}{n-c}$ is real. We have \frac{m-c}{b-c} \cdot \frac{n-c}{a-c} = \left| \frac{m-c}{b-c} \cdot \frac{n-c}{a-c} \right| = \frac{CM \cdot CN}{CB \cdot CA} . \sum \frac{AM \cdot AN}{AB \cdot AC} = \sum \frac{(m-a)(n-a)}{(b-a)(c-a)} \\ = \frac{\sum (m-a)(n-a)(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)} = 1 $$

Techniques

Ceva's theoremCyclic quadrilateralsAngle chasingComplex numbers in geometryTrigonometryTriangle trigonometry