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jmc

counting and probability intermediate

Problem

How many 4-letter words with at least one consonant can be constructed from the letters , , , , and ? (Note that , , and are consonants, any word is valid, not just English language words, and letters may be used more than once.)
Solution
First we count the number of all 4-letter words with no restrictions on the word. Then we count the number of 4-letter words with no consonants. We then subtract to get the answer.

Each letter of a word must be one of , , , , or , so the number of 4-letter words with no restrictions on the word is . Each letter of a word with no consonant must be one of or . So the number of all 4-letter words with no consonants is . Therefore, the number of 4-letter words with at least one consonant is .
Final answer
609