Browse · MATH
Printjmc
counting and probability senior
Problem
Six cards numbered through are to be lined up in a row. Find the number of arrangements of these six cards where one of the cards can be removed leaving the remaining five cards in either ascending or descending order.
Solution
Realize that any sequence that works (ascending) can be reversed for descending, so we can just take the amount of sequences that satisfy the ascending condition and multiply by two. If we choose any of the numbers through , there are five other spots to put them, so we get . However, we overcount some cases. Take the example of . We overcount this case because we can remove the or the . Therefore, any cases with two adjacent numbers swapped is overcounted, so we subtract cases (namely, ,) to get , but we have to add back one more for the original case, . Therefore, there are cases. Multiplying by gives the desired answer, .
Final answer
52