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smc

algebra senior

Problem

Let be the sequence of real numbers defined by , and in general, Rearranging the numbers in the sequence in decreasing order produces a new sequence . What is the sum of all integers , , such that
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
First, we must understand two important functions: for (decreasing exponential function), and for (increasing power function for positive ). is used to establish inequalities when we change the exponent and keep the base constant. is used to establish inequalities when we change the base and keep the exponent constant. We will now examine the first few terms. Comparing and , . Therefore, . Comparing and , . Comparing and , . Therefore, . Comparing and , . Comparing and , . Therefore, . Continuing in this manner, it is easy to see a pattern(see Note 1). Therefore, the only when is when . Solving gives . Note 1: We claim that . We can use induction to prove this statement. (not necessary for AMC): Base Case: We have already shown the base case above, where . Inductive Step: Rearranging in decreasing order gives .
Final answer
C