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Saudi Arabia number theory
Problem
Find all triples of integers such that
Solution
We replace by , for some odd prime. Subtracting the first equation from the second, we obtain We have and , so precisely two of them are positive. Assume that and . Without loss of generality, suppose . Because is a prime, the only possibility is Then , , and the first equation reduces to The only solution is , implying and . The solutions are , and . We have , hence the desired triples are , , and .
Final answer
(1, 0, -2010), (-2010, 1, 0), (0, -2010, 1)
Techniques
Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesPrime numbersFactorization techniquesSymmetric functions