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counting and probability intermediate
Problem
The increasing list of five different integers has a sum of 29. How many increasing lists of five different single-digit positive integers have a sum of 33?
Solution
After some trial and error, we obtain the two lists and .
Why are these the only two?
If the largest number of the five integers was 8, then the largest that the sum could be would be , which is too small. This tells us that we must include one 9 in the list. (We cannot include any number larger than 9, since each number must be a single-digit number.)
Therefore, the sum of the remaining four numbers is .
If the largest of the four remaining numbers is 7, then their largest possible sum would be , which is too small. Therefore, we also need to include an 8 in the list.
Thus, the sum of the remaining three numbers is .
If the largest of the three remaining numbers is 6, then their largest possible sum would be , which is too small. Therefore, we also need to include an 7 in the list.
Thus, the sum of the remaining two numbers is .
This tells us that we need two different positive integers, each less than 7, that add to 9. These must be 3 and 6 or 4 and 5.
This gives us the two lists above, and shows that they are the only two such lists. The answer is .
Why are these the only two?
If the largest number of the five integers was 8, then the largest that the sum could be would be , which is too small. This tells us that we must include one 9 in the list. (We cannot include any number larger than 9, since each number must be a single-digit number.)
Therefore, the sum of the remaining four numbers is .
If the largest of the four remaining numbers is 7, then their largest possible sum would be , which is too small. Therefore, we also need to include an 8 in the list.
Thus, the sum of the remaining three numbers is .
If the largest of the three remaining numbers is 6, then their largest possible sum would be , which is too small. Therefore, we also need to include an 7 in the list.
Thus, the sum of the remaining two numbers is .
This tells us that we need two different positive integers, each less than 7, that add to 9. These must be 3 and 6 or 4 and 5.
This gives us the two lists above, and shows that they are the only two such lists. The answer is .
Final answer
2