For a positive integer n, let Hn=1+21+31+⋯+n1.Compute n=1∑∞(n+1)HnHn+11.
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We can write (n+1)HnHn+11=HnHn+1n+11=HnHn+1Hn+1−Hn=Hn1−Hn+11.Thus, n=1∑∞(n+1)HnHn+11=n=1∑∞(Hn1−Hn+11)=(H11−H21)+(H21−H31)+(H31−H41)+⋯=H11=1.Note that this result depends on the fact that Hn→∞ as n→∞. We can prove this as follows: 2131+4151+61+71+81≥21,>41+41=21,>81+81+81+81=21,and so on. Thus, 1+21+31+41+⋯>1+21+21+⋯,which shows that Hn→∞ as n→∞.