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Team Selection Test for JBMO

Turkey number theory

Problem

Find all positive integers satisfying .
Solution
The answer is , and .

Checking by hand for , we see that and work. For , should be a prime number. Because, otherwise there exists a prime divisor of which is less than or equal to since is odd, but it divides .

Now let where is a prime number. Then the condition is equivalent to . Wilson's theorem gives that . On the other hand If , then but , no solution exists. If , then . As we have , that is and it satisfies the condition.
Final answer
1, 5, 8

Techniques

Fermat / Euler / Wilson theoremsPrime numbers