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Mathematica competitions in Croatia

Croatia number theory

Problem

The lengths of all sides of a quadrilateral are integers, and each of them is a divisor of the sum of the other three lengths. Prove that at least two of the sides of that quadrilateral have equal lengths.
Solution
On the contrary, let's assume that all sides are of different lengths; i.e. (, , , are lengths of the sides, ordered by their length). Each of the lengths is a divisor of , by assumption. Also, it must be or equivalently and finally . Since is a divisor of it follows that . Now we have and since is a divisor of , it follows that . Analogously we obtain and . Then Contradiction!

Techniques

Divisibility / FactorizationLinear and quadratic inequalitiesQuadrilaterals