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jmc

algebra senior

Problem

The smallest distance between the origin and a point on the parabola can be expressed as , where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .
Solution
By the distance formula, we are trying to minimize . In general minimization problems like this require calculus, but one elementary optimization method that sometimes works is completing the square. We have This expression is minimized when the square equals , i.e. when For this value of , the distance is Hence the desired answer is .
Final answer
21