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Printjmc
prealgebra senior
Problem
The average of four different positive whole numbers is If the difference between the largest and smallest of these numbers is as large as possible, what is the average of the other two numbers?
Solution
Since the average of four numbers is their sum is
For the difference between the largest and smallest of these numbers to be as large as possible, we would like one of the numbers to be as small as possible (so equal to ) and the other (call it for big) to be as large as possible.
Since one of the numbers is the sum of the other three numbers is
For the to be as large as possible, we must make the remaining two numbers (which must be different and not equal to ) as small as possible. So these other two numbers must be equal to and which would make equal to
So the average of these other two numbers is or
For the difference between the largest and smallest of these numbers to be as large as possible, we would like one of the numbers to be as small as possible (so equal to ) and the other (call it for big) to be as large as possible.
Since one of the numbers is the sum of the other three numbers is
For the to be as large as possible, we must make the remaining two numbers (which must be different and not equal to ) as small as possible. So these other two numbers must be equal to and which would make equal to
So the average of these other two numbers is or
Final answer
2\frac{1}{2}