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counting and probability intermediate
Problem
Suppose I have a bag with 12 slips of paper in it. Some of the slips have a 2 on them, and the rest have a 7 on them. If the expected value of the number shown on a slip randomly drawn from the bag is , then how many slips have a 2?
Solution
We let denote the number of slips with a 2 written on them. (This is the usual tactic of letting a variable denote what we're trying to solve for in the problem.) Then there are slips with a 7 on them. The probability of drawing a 2 is and the probability of drawing a 7 is , so the expected value of the number drawn is But we are given that , so we have the equation This simplifies to , which means that . Thus of the 12 slips have a 2 written on them.
Final answer
9