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counting and probability intermediate
Problem
A number is chosen at random from among the first positive integers, and a positive integer divisor of that number is then chosen at random. What is the probability that the chosen divisor is divisible by ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
In order for the divisor chosen to be a multiple of , the original number chosen must also be a multiple of . Among the first positive integers, there are 9 multiples of 11; 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99. We can now perform a little casework on the probability of choosing a divisor which is a multiple of 11 for each of these 9, and see that the probability is 1/2 for each. The probability of choosing these 9 multiples in the first place is , so the final probability is , so the answer is
Final answer
B