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jmc

geometry intermediate

Problem

An equilateral triangle has two vertices at and . If the third vertex is in the first quadrant, what is the y-coordinate? Express your answer in simplest radical form.
problem
Solution
To begin this problem, we first notice that the side length of this equilateral triangle is (the distance between the two points given). We then consider the altitude of an equilateral triangle with side length . If we draw an equilateral triangle and its altitude, we notice that the altitude splits the equilateral triangle into two triangles with the side length being the hypotenuse of these triangles. In our case, the hypotenuse of the triangle has length , so the altitude (the side opposite the angle) has length because the side lengths of a triangle are related in the ratio .

Since the base of the equilateral triangle is at a -coordinate of and , for the third vertex to be in the first quadrant, its coordinate must be the altitude of the equilateral triangle. The third vertex has a -coordinate of .
Final answer
5+4\sqrt{3}