Browse · MathNet
PrintAPMO
geometry
Problem
Consider all the triangles which have a fixed base and whose altitude from is a constant . For which of these triangles is the product of its altitudes a maximum?
Solution
Let and be the altitudes from and , respectively. Then which is a constant. So the product attains its maximum when the product attains its minimum.
Since which is a constant, attains its minimum when reaches its maximum. There are two cases:
a. . Then there exists a triangle which has a right angle at , and for precisely such a triangle attains its maximum, namely .
b. . In this case the angle at is acute and assumes its maximum when the triangle is isosceles.
Since which is a constant, attains its minimum when reaches its maximum. There are two cases:
a. . Then there exists a triangle which has a right angle at , and for precisely such a triangle attains its maximum, namely .
b. . In this case the angle at is acute and assumes its maximum when the triangle is isosceles.
Final answer
If the fixed height is at most half the base length, the maximum occurs for the triangle with a right angle at the third vertex. If the fixed height exceeds half the base length, the maximum occurs for the isosceles triangle with equal sides from the base endpoints (the third vertex on the perpendicular bisector of the base).
Techniques
Triangle trigonometryOptimization in geometry