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74th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania number theory

Problem

a) Prove that there are infinitely many natural numbers such that is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.

b) Prove that there is no natural number such that is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.
Solution
a) Consider the numbers , with natural . Then and , which shows that every such is 'good'.

b) If is a perfect cube, then is a multiple of . In this case is a multiple of , so . Since the perfect squares are or , cannot be a perfect square.

Techniques

Factorization techniquesTechniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalities