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Print74th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad
Romania number theory
Problem
a) Prove that there are infinitely many natural numbers such that is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.
b) Prove that there is no natural number such that is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.
b) Prove that there is no natural number such that is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.
Solution
a) Consider the numbers , with natural . Then and , which shows that every such is 'good'.
b) If is a perfect cube, then is a multiple of . In this case is a multiple of , so . Since the perfect squares are or , cannot be a perfect square.
b) If is a perfect cube, then is a multiple of . In this case is a multiple of , so . Since the perfect squares are or , cannot be a perfect square.
Techniques
Factorization techniquesTechniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalities