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counting and probability senior
Problem
Two numbers between and on a number line are to be chosen at random. What is the probability that the second number chosen will exceed the first number chosen by a distance greater than unit on the number line? Express your answer as a common fraction.
Solution
The probability that the second number is more than unit greater than the first number decreases linearly from to as the first number increases linearly from to . The average of this probability is . Since there is a chance of choosing a number from to , the probability is .
Final answer
\frac{9}{32}