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counting and probability senior
Problem
The probability that event occurs is ; the probability that event B occurs is . Let be the probability that both and occur. The smallest interval necessarily containing is the interval
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
Firstly note that and , as clearly the probability that both and occur cannot be more than the probability that or alone occurs. The more restrictive condition is , since . Furthermore, by the Inclusion-Exclusion Principle, we also have and as a probability must be non-negative, , so . Therefore, combining our inequalities gives , or .
Final answer
D