smc

Repeating difference of squares: $2^{24}-1=(2^{12}+1)(2^6+1)(2^3+1)(2^3-1)$ $2^{24}-1=(2^{12}+1)\cdot 65\cdot 9\cdot 7$ $2^{24}-1=(2^{12}+1)\ast 5\ast 13\ast 3^2\ast 7$ The sum of cubes formula gives us: $2^{12}+1=(2^4+1)(2^8-2^4+1)$ $2^{12}+1=17\cdot 241$ A quick check shows $241$ is prime. Thus, the only factors to be concerned about are $3^2\cdot 5\cdot 7\cdot 13\cdot 17$, since multiplying by $241$ will make any factor too large. Multiplying $17$ by $3$ or $5$ will give a two-digit factor; $17$ itself will also work. The next smallest factor, $7$, gives a three-digit number. Thus, there are $3$ factors that are multiples of $17$. Multiplying $13$ by $3$, $5$, or $7$ will also give a two-digit factor, as well as $13$ itself. Higher numbers will not work, giving $4$ additional factors. Multiply $7$ by $3$, $5$, or $3^2$ for a two-digit factor. There are no more factors to check, as all factors which include $13$ are already counted. Thus, there are an additional $3$ factors. Multiply $5$ by $3$ or $3^2$ for a two-digit factor. All higher factors have been counted already, so there are $2$ more factors. Thus, the total number of factors is $3+4+3+2=\boxed{12}$