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Selection tests for the Gulf Mathematical Olympiad 2013

Saudi Arabia 2013 counting and probability

Problem

Let , and , for all positive integer , be the Fibonacci sequence. Prove that for any positive integer there exist infinitely many positive integers such that
Solution
Let be a positive integer and consider the infinite set of pairs , for . By the pigeonhole principle, there exists a pair of integers and an infinite sequence of integers such that Therefore We keep descending in this way until we get Let , for all . Clearly, the infinite sequence is increasing and we have

Techniques

Pigeonhole principleRecurrence relationsModular Arithmetic