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67th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania number theory

Problem

Find all non-negative integers so that is an integer.
Solution
Denote . Then , whence . Then there exists so that and, since , there exists so that . Eliminating yields , that is , or , which is equivalent to . This gives , so .
Final answer
All n of the form k^4 − 3 with integers k ≥ 2.

Techniques

Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesIntegers