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jmc

number theory intermediate

Problem

How many positive four-digit integers of the form are divisible by 45?
Solution
Let the four-digit integer be , where and denote digits. We may subtract 45 without changing whether the integer is divisible by 45, so let's consider instead of . A number is divisible by if and only if it is divisible by both 9 and 5. Since the prime factorization of is the prime factorization of times , is divisible by 45 if and only if is divisible by . The two-digit integers divisible by 9 are , , , and . There are of them.
Final answer
10