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jmc

geometry senior

Problem

Circles of radius and are externally tangent to each other and are internally tangent to a circle of radius . The circle of radius has a chord that is a common external tangent of the other two circles. Find the square of the length of this chord.
problem
Solution
We label the points as following: the centers of the circles of radii are respectively, and the endpoints of the chord are . Let be the feet of the perpendiculars from to (so are the points of tangency). Then we note that , and . Thus, (consider similar triangles). Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to , we find that
Final answer
224