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51st Ukrainian National Mathematical Olympiad, 4th Round

Ukraine algebra

Problem

Find all pairs of integers that satisfy the following equality:
Solution
Since is a prime number, every multiple of the left-hand side must be equal to either or . If , the first multiple equals , and there are no solutions. Similarly, there are no solutions if (the second multiple is ). Suppose now that and . Then Recalling that is prime, we get the above answers.
Final answer
(-1, 2011) and (-2011, 1)

Techniques

Simple EquationsPrime numbers