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smc

algebra senior

Problem

Positive real numbers and have the property that and all four terms on the left are positive integers, where log denotes the base 10 logarithm. What is ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
Since all four terms on the left are positive integers, from , we know that both has to be a perfect square and has to be a power of ten. The same applies to for the same reason. Setting and to and , where and are the perfect squares, . By listing all the perfect squares up to (as is larger than the largest possible sum of and of from answer choice ), two of those perfect squares must add up to one of the possible sums of and given from the answer choices (, , , , or ). Only a few possible sums are seen: , , , , and . By testing each of these (seeing whether ), only the pair and work. Therefore, and are and , and our answer is .
Final answer
D