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75th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania number theory

Problem

Determine all the natural numbers such that is a prime number and divides the number .
Solution
From the identity it follows that divides . Because is a prime number, we get , , or .

Since , the first three cases are impossible. The fourth situation can be true if and only if . This case works.
Final answer
a = b = c = 1

Techniques

Prime numbersTechniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesSymmetric functions