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Print75th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad
Romania number theory
Problem
Determine all the natural numbers such that is a prime number and divides the number .
Solution
From the identity it follows that divides . Because is a prime number, we get , , or .
Since , the first three cases are impossible. The fourth situation can be true if and only if . This case works.
Since , the first three cases are impossible. The fourth situation can be true if and only if . This case works.
Final answer
a = b = c = 1
Techniques
Prime numbersTechniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesSymmetric functions