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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

What is the sum of all integer values of such that is an integer?
Solution
The expression is odd for every integer , and conversely every odd integer takes the form for some integer . Therefore, there is one solution for each (not necessarily positive) odd divisor of 20. The positive odd divisors of 20 are 1 and 5, so we solve , , , and to find the solutions , , , and . These values for sum to .
Final answer
2