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Printjmc
number theory senior
Problem
Let be the smallest positive integer such that is a perfect th power of an integer for some , where . What is ?
Solution
Note , , , and . Their GCD is , so the integer is not a perfect power (i.e., we can't take ). We need (any other prime factors of would be superfluous) such that has GCD greater than (i.e., we must use to "modify" the exponents of the primes in the prime factorization to get an integer which actually is a perfect power).
First we search for a prime which divides at least three of the exponents , , , and , which would mean we only have to modify one of them (hence have be a prime power). This, however, is only true of the prime , and the exponent not divisible by is , which is the exponent of 7 in . Therefore, to modify only one of the exponents, we would need , giving . But there is one number less than which has more than one prime divisor, and that is . Furthermore, , and , so if we set and , we find that has as a divisor.
This gives , which is therefore the smallest value such that is a perfect power. In this case, is a perfect th power, so . Thus .
First we search for a prime which divides at least three of the exponents , , , and , which would mean we only have to modify one of them (hence have be a prime power). This, however, is only true of the prime , and the exponent not divisible by is , which is the exponent of 7 in . Therefore, to modify only one of the exponents, we would need , giving . But there is one number less than which has more than one prime divisor, and that is . Furthermore, , and , so if we set and , we find that has as a divisor.
This gives , which is therefore the smallest value such that is a perfect power. In this case, is a perfect th power, so . Thus .
Final answer
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