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jmc

number theory junior

Problem

Every bag of Dummies (a chocolate candy) contains the same number of pieces.

The Dummies in one bag can't be divided equally among kids, because after each kid gets the same (whole) number of pieces, pieces are left over.

If the Dummies in three bags are divided equally among kids, what is the smallest number of pieces that could possibly be left over?
Solution
Let be the number of Dummies in one bag. Then we know , so Thus, when the Dummies in three bags are divided equally among kids, there is a remainder of leftover pieces.

We can also explain this solution without using modular arithmetic. Each bag can be divided equally among the kids with pieces from each bag left over. This makes leftover pieces, which are enough to give each kid more candies and have candies left over. Those last candies can't be divided equally among the kids, so the answer is .
Final answer
3