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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

How many positive integer multiples of can be expressed in the form , where and are integers and ?
Solution
The prime factorization of . We have . Since , we require that . From the factorization , we see that works; also, implies that , and so any will work. To show that no other possibilities work, suppose , and let . Then we can write , and we can easily verify that for . If , then we can have solutions of ways. If , we can have the solutions of , and so forth. Therefore, the answer is .
Final answer
j-i \equiv 0 \pmod{6}