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jmc

geometry senior

Problem

The adjoining figure shows two intersecting chords in a circle, with on minor arc . Suppose that the radius of the circle is , that , and that is bisected by . Suppose further that is the only chord starting at which is bisected by . It follows that the sine of the central angle of minor arc is a rational number. If this number is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the product ?
problem
Solution
Firstly, we note the statement in the problem that " is the only chord starting at and bisected by " – what is its significance? What is the criterion for this statement to be true? We consider the locus of midpoints of the chords from . It is well-known that this is the circle with diameter , where is the center of the circle. The proof is simple: every midpoint of a chord is a dilation of the endpoint with scale factor and center . Thus, the locus is the result of the dilation with scale factor and centre of circle . Let the center of this circle be . Now, is bisected by if they cross at some point on the circle. Moreover, since is the only chord, must be tangent to the circle . The rest of this problem is straightforward. Our goal is to find , where is the midpoint of . We have and . Let be the projection of onto , and similarly let be the projection of onto . Then it remains to find so that we can use the addition formula for . As is a radius of circle , , and similarly, . Since , we have . Thus . Further, we see that is a dilation of about center with scale factor , so . Lastly, we apply the formula:Thus the answer is .
Final answer
175