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6-th Czech-Slovak Match

Czech Republic number theory

Problem

Let be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Prove that the polynomial has no integer roots.
Solution
By the Little Fermat theorem for every . Then also . Since is a polynomial with all integer coefficients, it follows that Polynomial has integer coefficients therefore, from the last two congruences, we get But we can easily see that for every integer we have . So for every integer number , we have , from which it follows that polynomial can not have integer roots. The proof is finished.

Techniques

Fermat / Euler / Wilson theoremsPolynomial operations