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Ireland geometry
Problem
A circle, centre , lies inside a circle, centre , and touches it at a point . A tangent is drawn to the circle, centre , at a point different from which intersects the circle, centre , at and . Prove that bisects .


Solution
Let be the point on the line for which is the common tangent to both circles. Then , because is a tangent to the smaller circle as well. Hence .
Looking at triangle we see that . Since and by the alternate segment theorem, we get . Comparing the two expressions for we obtain , i.e. bisects .
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Alternative solution.
The points , , and are collinear since and are both perpendicular to the common tangent at . Let be the second intersection point of with the circle centre . Join and .
Because we have , and from we get . This implies , hence is parallel to . As is perpendicular to the tangent , it follows that is perpendicular to the chord , i.e. is the midpoint of the arc and , as required.
Looking at triangle we see that . Since and by the alternate segment theorem, we get . Comparing the two expressions for we obtain , i.e. bisects .
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Alternative solution.
The points , , and are collinear since and are both perpendicular to the common tangent at . Let be the second intersection point of with the circle centre . Join and .
Because we have , and from we get . This implies , hence is parallel to . As is perpendicular to the tangent , it follows that is perpendicular to the chord , i.e. is the midpoint of the arc and , as required.
Techniques
TangentsAngle chasing