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59th Ukrainian National Mathematical Olympiad

Ukraine geometry

Problem

A right triangle is called special, if the lengths of its sides , and are integers, and there is a point on each side (different from the vertices of ), for which lengths of , and are integers. Find at least one special triangle.

problem
Fig. 11
Solution
Let triangle have a right angle at . Then for any triangle with even integer hypotenuse, the midpoint of hypotenuse is the point of interest (Fig. 11).

Let , , , and . Let , , , , . It suffices for lengths and to be integer. Thus, it suffices that for some , and . Let , , , , , , hence , , , . Thus, we obtain the following segments:
Final answer
A special triangle is one with side lengths 36, 48, and 60.

Techniques

Triangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleDistance chasingConstructions and loci