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PrintBrazilian Math Olympiad
Brazil algebra
Problem
For each positive integer with digits, let be the -digit number obtained by writing the digits of odd order of and be the -digit number obtained by writing the digits of even order of . For example, and . Prove that there is no positive integer with digits such that .
Solution
We will prove by induction that for all positive integers with digits.
If , , , .
Now suppose that has digits and that the claim is true for all numbers with digits. Let and be the two leftmost digits of , so that , with digits. Then and . So we need to prove that But this is true, since both and are less than and thus
If , , , .
Now suppose that has digits and that the claim is true for all numbers with digits. Let and be the two leftmost digits of , so that , with digits. Then and . So we need to prove that But this is true, since both and are less than and thus
Techniques
IntegersInduction / smoothing