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jmc

counting and probability junior

Problem

Everyday at school, Jo climbs a flight of stairs. Jo can take the stairs , , or at a time. For example, Jo could climb , then , then . In how many ways can Jo climb the stairs?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Solution
A dynamics programming approach is quick and easy. The number of ways to climb one stair is . There are ways to climb two stairs: , or . For 3 stairs, there are ways: (,,) (,) (,) () For four stairs, consider what step they came from to land on the fourth stair. They could have hopped straight from the 1st, done a double from #2, or used a single step from #3. The ways to get to each of these steps are ways to get to step 4. The pattern can then be extended: steps: ways. steps: ways. steps: ways. Thus, there are ways to get to step
Final answer
E