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Printsmc
counting and probability senior
Problem
How many nonempty subsets of have the property that the number of elements in is equal to the least element of ? For example, satisfies the condition.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
There is no way to have a set with 0. If a set is to have its lowest element as 1, it must have only 1 element: 1. If a set is to have its lowest element as 2, it must have 2, and the other element will be chosen from the natural numbers between 3 and 12, inclusive. To calculate this, we do . If the set is the have its lowest element as 3, the other 2 elements will be chosen from the natural numbers between 4 and 12, inclusive. To calculate this, we do . We can see a pattern emerge, where the top is decreasing by 1 and the bottom is increasing by 1. In other words, we have to add . This is .
Final answer
D