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Romanian Master of Mathematics

Romania geometry

Problem

Let be a triangle with a right angle at , let be its incenter, and let be the orthogonal projection of on . The incircle of the triangle is tangent to the sides , , and at , , and , respectively. Let and be the reflections of in the lines and , respectively, and let and be the reflections of in the same lines. Prove that the circles , , and have a common point. Russia, Dmitry Prokopenko

problem
Solution
The line is parallel to the external angle bisector of , so the reflection in maps the segment to the segment parallel to .

Similarly, . Notice also that , where is the inradius of . Let be the midpoint of . Let be the point of such that . Notice that , and ; thus, is an isosceles trapezoid. Hence lies on the circle , and . Similarly, lies on the circle , and . It remains to show that lies on the circle . Under the symmetry in , the line (perpendicular to ) maps to the line through perpendicular to — i.e., maps to . Therefore, the projection of onto maps to the projection of onto . Similarly, is the projection of onto . So the quadrilateral is cyclic, due to right angles at and .

Techniques

Triangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleTangentsCyclic quadrilateralsAngle chasingConstructions and loci