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jmc

algebra intermediate

Problem

The product of two positive integers minus their sum is 39. The integers are relatively prime, and each is less than 20. What is the sum of the two integers?
Solution
Let our positive integers be and It follows that

The left-hand side reminds us of Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick. So, we add to both sides to "complete the rectangle":

We can narrow down the possibilities by considering all the positive factor pairs of . We disregard values of and that are not relatively prime positive integers both less than .

\begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} $a-1$ & $b-1$ & $a$ & $b$ & Feasible? \\ \hline $1$ & $40$ & $2$ & $41$ & $\times$ \\ \hline $2$ & $20$ & $3$ & $21$ & $\times$ \\ \hline $4$ & $10$ & $5$ & $11$ & $\checkmark$ \\ \hline $5$ & $8$ & $6$ & $9$ & $\times$ \end{array}The only possibility that works is and , or, by symmetry, and . Either way, the sum is equal to .
Final answer
16