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number theory intermediate
Problem
When the positive integers with exactly three positive divisors are listed in ascending order, what is the fifth number listed?
Solution
If an integer has at least two different prime factors, say, and , then it must have at least four positive divisors: , , , and . So, for a number to have exactly three positive divisors, it must be a power of a single prime number. The positive divisors of are . Therefore, has different positive divisors, and the only positive integers with exactly three positive divisors are the squares of prime numbers.
The five smallest such integers are, in ascending order, , , , , and . The fifth number listed is .
The five smallest such integers are, in ascending order, , , , , and . The fifth number listed is .
Final answer
121