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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

What is the sum of all the positive two-digit integers divisible by both the sum and product of their digits?
Solution
Let us represent a two-digit integer by , where is the tens digit and is the units digit. Then the value of the number is , the sum of the digits is , and the product of the digits is . We are given that and . We know neither nor is zero since nothing is divisible by zero. We work with the equation . We also know that , so must divide the difference, which is . So we have , or for some integer . Solving this equation gives , or . Since and are both positive, we must have , so the possible values of are . For each of these possibilities except and , the fraction does not reduce, and thus the only values of and which will satisfy them are as the number in the denominator and as the number in the numerator. There is no pair of larger with the same ratio or else either or wouldn't be a single digit, and there is no pair of smaller since the fractions do not reduce. For these cases, we check to see whether :

\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} $(a,b)%%DISP_0%%amp;$ab%%DISP_0%%amp;$10a+b%%DISP_0%%amp;Will it divide?\\ \hline $(1,8)%%DISP_0%%amp;$8%%DISP_0%%amp;$18%%DISP_0%%amp;No\\ $(2,7)%%DISP_0%%amp;$14%%DISP_0%%amp;$27%%DISP_0%%amp;No\\ $(4,5)%%DISP_0%%amp;$20%%DISP_0%%amp;$45%%DISP_0%%amp;No\\ $(5,4)%%DISP_0%%amp;$20%%DISP_0%%amp;$54%%DISP_0%%amp;No\\ $(7,2)%%DISP_0%%amp;$14%%DISP_0%%amp;$72%%DISP_0%%amp;No\\ $(8,1)%%DISP_0%%amp;$8%%DISP_0%%amp;$81%%DISP_0%%amp;No \end{array}

The only cases which remain are those for which , or . So we have or .

If , we must check whether . Substituting, we must find such that , or . This means for some integer , or (since ) . But the right side is even and is odd, so there are no which satisfy this and thus no numbers with .

If , again we substitute to find , or . This means for some integer , or , so must be a divisor of . Thus can be , or . The corresponding values of are and . But , so the pair must be thrown out and we have three possible pairs for : , , and . These correspond to the numbers , and , and the sum is .
Final answer
72