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Printjmc
number theory senior
Problem
Use each of the five digits and only once to form a three-digit integer and a two-digit integer which will be multiplied together. What is the three-digit integer that results in the greatest product?
Solution
Let and be the two numbers. The product of the numbers is Clearly should be as large as possible, so and should be 9 and 7 or vice versa. Also, should be the smallest digit, since it only appears in the terms and . Trying and , we have a product of Since the coefficient of the term is larger than that of the term, and maximizes the product in this case. The maximum is . If and , then the sum is Since the coefficient of the term is larger than that of the term, and maximizes the product in this case. The maximum is . Since , the three-digit integer yielding the maximum product is .
Final answer
762