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Ireland number theory
Problem
Let , , be positive integers such that (i) Prove that is odd; (ii) Find all the possible values of and if .
Solution
(i) Let . There exist two positive integers and which are relatively prime such that , . Using this fact in the initial equality we find , that is, . Since and are relatively prime numbers, at least one of them is odd. Then is even, so is odd.
(ii) As before, we are led to the equation . Since and are relatively prime, the possibilities for are , , , . The complete set of solutions is $$ \{(2d, 2009d), (9d, 252d), (252d, 9d), (2009d, 2d) : d \ge 1\}.
(ii) As before, we are led to the equation . Since and are relatively prime, the possibilities for are , , , . The complete set of solutions is $$ \{(2d, 2009d), (9d, 252d), (252d, 9d), (2009d, 2d) : d \ge 1\}.
Final answer
(i) n is odd. (ii) All solutions are (a, b) = (2d, 2009d), (9d, 252d), (252d, 9d), (2009d, 2d) for any integer d ≥ 1.
Techniques
Greatest common divisors (gcd)Least common multiples (lcm)Factorization techniquesTechniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalities