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Ireland geometry
Problem
In the triangle we have . The bisectors of the angles at and meet and at and respectively. The lines and intersect at the incentre of . Prove that if and only if .

Solution
Let , and . Assume first that . This implies , i.e. . Hence, . Therefore, and the quadrilateral EIDA is cyclic. As bisects , the chords and subtend angles of at the circumference of the circumcircle of EIDA. This implies .
Conversely, assume . The bisector divides in the ratio . This can easily be seen from the sine rule for the two triangles and and using that . Let , and . From and we obtain . Similarly we get . Because by assumption, we have and so , hence . Let be the reflection of in . Since , will lie between and on . Then , hence and . Since we have from which we get . From we obtain now which implies . Since , we get and so .
Conversely, assume . The bisector divides in the ratio . This can easily be seen from the sine rule for the two triangles and and using that . Let , and . From and we obtain . Similarly we get . Because by assumption, we have and so , hence . Let be the reflection of in . Since , will lie between and on . Then , hence and . Since we have from which we get . From we obtain now which implies . Since , we get and so .
Techniques
Triangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleCyclic quadrilateralsAngle chasingTriangle trigonometry