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62nd Ukrainian National Mathematical Olympiad

Ukraine geometry

Problem

Suppose for a rhombus there exists a point such that the following conditions are satisfied: and the circumcircles of the triangles and are tangent to each other. Prove that the point is equidistant from the diagonals of the rhombus.
Solution
Let be the point of intersection of the rhombus diagonals, and be the centers of the described circles and respectively (Fig. 1). Hence, the following equalities are true: so the isosceles triangles and are similar. Then their altitudes are proportional to their sides, i.e. . Then is a bisector (internal or external) of , exactly what we needed to prove.

Techniques

Quadrilaterals with perpendicular diagonalsTriangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleTangentsHomothetyAngle chasing